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Marefat M R. The international responsibility of governments to protect the environment Emphasizing the principle of sustainable development. SRQJL 2024; 2 (4) :92-116
URL: http://srqjl.knu.edu.af/article-1-70-en.html

Today, development and environment have become important and significant propositions in the international system and international law. Having the right to develop after the Renaissance period has caused irreparable damage to nature and the environment; therefore, in recent years, realizing the importance of the environment, human societies have tried to modify the concept of development with the concept of "sustainable development." Sustainable development is both a right and a duty, and there is an effort to create a balance between human-centeredness and bio-centeredness, and the formation of the concept of sustainable development has caused that today the principle of sustainable development and the principle of environmental protection are presented as acceptable principles among all civilized nations of the world. Governments, as the main person of international law, since they both manage the development process and have the greatest influence in the use and interaction with the environment, today, they play an essential role in realizing both principles. From this point of view, several international documents, including the Stockholm Declaration (1972), the World Charter of Nature (1982), the Rio Declaration (1992), and the third draft of the Solidarity Rights Charter (1982), have committed governments to achieving sustainable development along with protecting the environment. These documents have caused the governments to be responsible for the environment and its preservation, as they are responsible for the realization of development.